The Second Heaven

Most of the space between the firmament and Earth is the cosmos or observable universe. There's something very odd about the cosmos: there's a disconnect between what we can see vs. what we believe about it.

Conic Sections

When we ask the question: what's at the second focus in Kepler's laws there's another stock response which comes up with surprising frequency. It appears that everyone has been trained to give this answer.

Spandex Has-beens

Has-been scientists with spandex. These are washed up university lecturers who like to impress young girls and boys with how cool they are, while promoting an untestable hypothesis like it’s real science.

Centrifugal Force

Measurements are what they are. The gravity of the Earth is very slightly weaker at the equator than it is at the poles. This happens to be because the Earth isn't perfectly spherical and bulges at the equator.

Gravitational Lensing

Conceptual image of a satellite orbiting the Earth with a wire mesh gravity well

We observe the gravity of the sun causing light from stars to bend. It's called gravitational lensing. This shows that light has properties of both waves and particles, but everything is energy when it comes right down to it.