300 Foxes and a Donkey's Jawbone
Despite the rigorous application of philosophical ploys to guard against circular reasoning in cladistic analysis it's a poster boy for circular reasoning because it's based in a paradigm which is the result of personal bias.
In the scientific method there's a lot philosophy involved in constructing a logical framework which should produce an experimental result which is free from bias.
"Diversification of vascular plants: all major groups except flowering plants present by end of Devonian". This demonstrates how inductive reasoning is used to account for evidence.
If the theory of evolution is the centerpiece of the popular science narrative of godless existence (SciPop), then radiometric dating has been the pseudoscientific glue that held it together.
The theme of reduce, reuse, recycle comes from observing the intricate way in which the assorted premises of popular science (SciPop) have been woven into a system of inductive, reductive circular reasoning.
The fact that Earth is at the center of the observable universe is empirical. The problem is, does anyone know what empirical means? Here are some definitions.
If you use circular reasoning to induce a rationalization of the premise that there's no hell, but there is a hell, and then you code your rationale as math, does hell disappear?
Does Einstein's relativity disprove that the universe has an absolute frame of reference? No. It's an inductive rationalization of the premise that there isn't one.
We're told that the new heaven and new Earth, where we'll life for eternity, is a place of perpetual light. We're making the case that this permanent physical separation of light from darkness is the purpose of creation.
If you choose to believe what unbelievers write and say about the Bible, because you don't want it to be true, you're just fooling yourself, or attempting to. You're using circular reasoning.